NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/32/cholera

What is it? A potentially fatal bacterial disease caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae

Prevention: Travellers can reduce their risk of being ill from cholera by ensuring good personal hygiene and following advice on preventing food and water spreading disease.

Vaccines available in the UK: Dukoral® (Inactivated bacterial)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/210/diphtheria 

What is it? Diphtheria is a highly infectious bacterial infection that can affect the nose and throat (respiratory diphtheria), and sometimes the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). 

Prevention: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection. Travellers should ensure they are up to date with their routine vaccines according to the NHS immunisation programme.

Vaccines available in the UK: Revaxis® (Inactivated viral and toxoid)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/70/hepatitis-a 

What is it? Hepatitis A is a highly infectious virus that can cause inflammation of the liver.

Prevention: The virus is usually transmitted through food or water contaminated by human faeces or by direct contact with an infectious person. The risk of acquiring hepatitis A can be reduced by ensuring good personal hygiene and following advice on the prevention of food and water-borne diseases.

Vaccines available in the UK: Avaxim®  Havrix monodose® VAQTA Adult® (Inactivated viral) Havrix Junior monodose® VAQTA® Paediatric (Inactivated viral)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/71/hepatitis-b

What is it? Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver spread by direct contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person.

Prevention: All travellers should avoid contact with blood and bodily fluids.

Vaccines available in the UK: Engerix B® HBVAXPRO® 10mcg (Recombinant viral) Paediatric - Engerix B® HBVAXPRO® 5mcg (Recombinant viral) Ambirix® Combined hepatitis A (720 ELISA units) and B (20mcg)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/71/hepatitis-b 

What is it? See Hep A + B

Prevention: See Hep A + B

Vaccines available in the UK: Combined vaccine -Twinrix® (Inactivated and recombinant viral Twinrix® Paediatric Vaccine Ambirix® (Inactivated and recombinant viral)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/70/hepatitis-a 

What is it? See Hep A + Typhoid

Prevention: See Hep A + Typhoid

Vaccines available in the UK: Combined vaccine - Viatim® (Inactivated/Polysaccharide)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/98/japanese-encephalitis 

What is it? Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection of the brain transmitted to humans by mosquitoes in parts of Asia and the Pacific Rim.

Prevention: The risk of acquiring JE can be reduced by insect bite avoidance, particularly between the hours of dusk and dawn, when Culex mosquitoes are most active.

Vaccines available in the UK: IXIARO® (Inactivated viral)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/116/measles 

What is it? Measles is a highly infectious viral illness with the potential for serious and life threatening complications.

Prevention: Individuals who have never had measles or are unvaccinated maybe at risk when visiting countries with reported cases, especially when visiting friends or relatives. All UK travellers should ensure they are vaccinated with the MMR.

Vaccines available in the UK: MMRVaxPro® Priorix® (live attenuated)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/120/meningococcal-disease 

What is it? Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection. It is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis of which there are 6 disease-causing strains called serogroups (A, B, C, W, Y and X).

Prevention: Individuals should seek advice about their risk of meningitis prior to travel. Meningococcal disease in travellers is primarily a risk for those visiting areas prone to outbreaks or an area where a known outbreak is occurring.

Vaccines available in the UK: Menveo® Group A, C, W135 and Y (Conjugate bacterial) Nimenrix® Group A, C, W135 and Y (Conjugate bacterial) Bexsero® Group B (rDNA, component, adsorbed)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/144/polio 

What is it? Poliomyelitis (polio) is a potentially paralysing, vaccine preventable, viral infection. The virus is transmitted through food or water contaminated by infected human faeces or by direct contact with an infectious person.

Prevention: An effective vaccination against polio is available. In addition to vaccination travellers should ensure good personal hygiene and follow advice on prevention of food and water-borne diseases.

Vaccines available in the UK: Revaxis® (Inactivated viral and toxoid)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/148/rabies 

What is it? Rabies is a viral disease transmitted to humans usually by a bite or scratch from an infected animal (usually a dog). The virus attacks the central nervous system causing, progressive damage to the brain and spinal cord. Once symptoms are present, rabies is almost always fatal.

Prevention: Contact with wild or domestic animals during travel should be avoided.

Vaccines available in the UK: Rabipur® (inactviated) Rabies Vaccine BP® (Inactivated)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/168/tetanus

What is it? Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by a toxin produced by bacteria called Clostridium tetani. Tetanus spores are found in soil throughout the world.

Prevention: Travellers should have completed (or be up-to-date with) a primary UK vaccine course according to the NHS vaccination schedule. If visiting countries where medical facilities may be limited, a booster dose of a tetanus-containing vaccine is recommended if the last dose was more than ten years ago

Vaccines available in the UK: Revaxis® (Inactivated viral and toxoid)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/173/tick-borne-encephalitis 

What is it? Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection usually transmitted through the bite of an infected tick.

Prevention: Avoid known tick-infested areas of forest and woodland. Practice bite avoidance methods. Check the body for ticks regularly. Remove ticks as soon as possible.

Vaccines available in the UK: TicoVac® TicoVac Junior® (Inactivated viral)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/182/tuberculosis 

What is it? Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection most commonly spread from person to person through the air by coughing and sneezing.

Prevention: Travellers should avoid close contact with individuals known to have infectious pulmonary TB.

Vaccines available in the UK: BCG Vaccine SSI (Live attenuated bacterial)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/184/typhoid-fever 

What is it? Typhoid and paratyphoid are infections acquired by the ingestion of food or water contaminated by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi. 

Prevention: The risk of acquiring typhoid or paratyphoid can be reduced by ensuring good personal hygiene and following advice on the prevention of food and water-borne diseases. 

Vaccines available in the UK: Typhim Vi® (Polysaccharide bacterial) Vivotif® (live attenuated, oral)

NaTHNaC link: https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/disease/194/yellow-fever 

What is it? Yellow fever (YF) is a vaccine preventable viral infection transmitted predominantly by certain species of day biting mosquitoes. YF virus can cause an illness that results in jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and bleeding, with severe damage to the major organs. The death rate is high in those who develop severe disease.

Prevention: Those visiting YF risk areas should practise meticulous mosquito bite avoidance. A highly effective live YF vaccine is available and in general vaccination is recommended for all persons visiting countries where there is a risk of YF virus transmission.

Vaccines available in the UK: Stamaril® (Live attenuated viral)