In the UK the following organisations are responsible for creating and delivering vaccine policy in the UK:

• Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)- Sets national vaccination policy and oversees programme delivery. Guidance is published in The Green Book, which alongside manufacturer's instructions, informs local policy and Patient Group Directions (PGD) and the National Protocol.
• Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) - reviews scientific evidence and provides independent advice to the DHSC on immunisation changes.
• Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) - Licenses vaccines and manages the Yellow Card Scheme for reporting adverse reactions.
• National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) - Ensures vaccine safety, quality, and effectiveness through strict biological standards.
• Trials, Monitoring and Surveillance - before being licensed in the UK vaccines undergo rigorous testing for safety, effectiveness, and immunogenicity. Surveillance continues after rollout to monitor for rare or long term side effects.

You can find out more about how vaccines are developed and assessed in this video from the Vaccine Knowledge Project: